Bailouts as a Financial Aid from the US Government

Bailouts as a Financial Aid from the US Government The interference by the US government in order to help large firms or states facing financial crisis is a crucial undertaking because the failure in this regard affects the economy adversely. In this regard, the government promotes measures that channel financial aid to firms or states in need of help. History demonstrates that the US government has participated in bailouts for various American corporations and states. In 1971, the Lockheed Corporation faced numerous financial challenges.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bailouts as a Financial Aid from the US Government specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The anticipated failure of the corporation meant that a large number of people would become jobless. In addition, the corporation’s failure would affect America’s gross national product and its defense system. However, Lockheed could pay off its various debts because of a bailout realized through the Emer gency Loan Guaranteed Act passed by the Congress. In the 1970s, the New York City entered a period characterized by numerous financial problems. In response, the US government provided an estimated $2.3 billion to the city in terms of loans. The New York City Seasonal Financing Act enabled New York to obtain the largely needed financial aid. The 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States affected the airline industry negatively. Various airlines incurred considerable financial losses due to the mandatory grounding of aircraft because of terrorist attacks. In this regard, the Bush administration passed into law the Air transportation Safety and Stabilization act that introduced various forms of compensation for the affected airlines. The provision of financial assistance to businesses and states presents various opportunities. First, it creates an opportunity that allows the company of concern to remain within the industry to avoid causing any significant effects on other related en tities. Thus, a country may grant subsidies or loans at low rates to a company in order to ensure that all the vital industries continue to function in a manner that promotes the sustenance of the economy. Furthermore, such an approach cushions the economy from various ripple effects whose outcomes are undesirable to a country. In this regard, the government can control unemployment rates and other costs such as welfare expenses due to reduced livelihoods. Bailouts provide companies and states with an opportunity to evaluate various aspects concerning financial management. In this regard, companies or states can adopt policies that promote the effective use of funds, and eliminate policies that increase chances of financial crisis. Furthermore, bailouts provide the government with an opportunity to benefit from loan fees.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The advocat es for the free market oppose the intervention by the state on matters relating to the economy. In their opinion, the provision of financial aid to companies or states encourages them to perform poorly. Another consideration among the free market advocates is the government’s influence on the normal functioning of various market forces. The funds utilized to rescue companies or states should go back to the treasury once the bailout beneficiary has regained financially. However, not all the companies or states that receive financial assistance attain full recovery. Some companies become bankrupt leading to the loss of public money. Another challenge is cases of disagreement between various parties involved in the setting up of a bailout program for a certain company or state. For example, although the Penn Central Railroad was in dire need of financial assistance, disagreements between the administration and the Congress led to the eventual failure of the corporation.

Free Essays on Restaurant

I. INTRODUCTION: My research paper is about an evaluation of the Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant in attracting American customer (WS, pg: 110) lunch trade. The reason I’m interested in this topic is because I like to know why the restaurant is doing good business for a long time. I have some personal experience being a waitress, as well as an assistant manager in Ayhan’s shish Kebab Restaurant. Therefore, I can make some analysis (WS, pg: 16) on my experience and the reasons why the restaurant is attracting American customers. In my opinion, some reasons play the most significant role in success of the Ayhan's Shish Kebab Restaurant in regards to American customer lunch trade. Since Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant’s motto relies on customer satisfaction, it is better for me to use my marketing (WS, pg: 277) knowledge and my background to analyze some reasons. II. BACKGROUND SECTION: â€Å"Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant is mainly a Turkish restaurant. The restaurant has four different locations, all of which provide a wide variety of menu and serve quality for reasonable prices.† (Canas, Interview, November 2002) Like Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant, â€Å" Turkish cuisine has the extra privilege of being at the cross-roads of the far East and the Mediterranean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Plaza, 9) â€Å"†¦the Turkish cuisine is a rich and varied number of dishes, which can be prepared and combined with other dishes in meals of almost infinite variety, but always in a non-arbitrary way.† (Plaza, 15) â€Å" When meat is used, it is used sparingly. Even with the meat kebabs, the â€Å"pide† or the flat bread occupies the largest part of the portion along with vegetables or yogurt. (Plaza, 12) III. PERSONAL AND ACADEMIC ANALYSIS 1. Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant has success in attracting American customer lunch trade because of quality service (WS, pg: 389). According to my website: â€Å" The analogy works perfectly much like Mexicans i... Free Essays on Restaurant Free Essays on Restaurant I. INTRODUCTION: My research paper is about an evaluation of the Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant in attracting American customer (WS, pg: 110) lunch trade. The reason I’m interested in this topic is because I like to know why the restaurant is doing good business for a long time. I have some personal experience being a waitress, as well as an assistant manager in Ayhan’s shish Kebab Restaurant. Therefore, I can make some analysis (WS, pg: 16) on my experience and the reasons why the restaurant is attracting American customers. In my opinion, some reasons play the most significant role in success of the Ayhan's Shish Kebab Restaurant in regards to American customer lunch trade. Since Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant’s motto relies on customer satisfaction, it is better for me to use my marketing (WS, pg: 277) knowledge and my background to analyze some reasons. II. BACKGROUND SECTION: â€Å"Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant is mainly a Turkish restaurant. The restaurant has four different locations, all of which provide a wide variety of menu and serve quality for reasonable prices.† (Canas, Interview, November 2002) Like Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant, â€Å" Turkish cuisine has the extra privilege of being at the cross-roads of the far East and the Mediterranean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Plaza, 9) â€Å"†¦the Turkish cuisine is a rich and varied number of dishes, which can be prepared and combined with other dishes in meals of almost infinite variety, but always in a non-arbitrary way.† (Plaza, 15) â€Å" When meat is used, it is used sparingly. Even with the meat kebabs, the â€Å"pide† or the flat bread occupies the largest part of the portion along with vegetables or yogurt. (Plaza, 12) III. PERSONAL AND ACADEMIC ANALYSIS 1. Ayhan’s Shish Kebab Restaurant has success in attracting American customer lunch trade because of quality service (WS, pg: 389). According to my website: â€Å" The analogy works perfectly much like Mexicans i...

Review And Study On Crash Movie Review Media Essay Essay Example

Review And Study On Crash Movie Review Media Essay Essay Example Review And Study On Crash Movie Review Media Essay Essay Review And Study On Crash Movie Review Media Essay Essay Paul Haggis, the screen notch of the Oscar victor of the twelvemonth 2004 for being the best Movie Million Dollar Baby succeeded in doing his infallible attempt, however, argumentative and resolutely appreciated. And this is the first clip when Haggis was found, both composing and directing his film. Crash, a header which should non be taken earnestly ( even though the movie portions an active portion of it ) , is a film which is more significantly about something, which is more basic, an aggressive cross of the paths. Haggis rips off the curtain of the stereotypes traveling around the different racial and communal groups, which are at that place in the metropolis of Los Angeles, and casts the visible radiation, at times rough, the vision of fact in every inconvenient nook and crevice he could name up in the affair of 113 proceedingss. From the get downing shootings to the stoping minutes of the film, Haggis, drives the spectator, bravely, into that sort of universe, while one would ever be at some sort of incommodiousness, and which is unluckily more honorable and really about some poached concerns in the state of America at the minute after any movie that has been watched. What Does Crash Try to State Us? One could easy detect the tendencies, if he looks at the Oscar nominations for the twelvemonth 2005. Peoples who have found to be seemingly alleged â€Å"good guys† are apparent to hold one or the other grave malignity in them, while the apparently â€Å"bad guys† win in turn outing to possess some or the other good traits, or they are more or less like anybody who is on the following side of the common mirror. Crash is precisely that sort of film. It is indistinguishable to the topic of films such as Short Cuts of Altman and Amores perros of Inarritu that depicts variously different people all conjured together for the remarkable incidents that lead one into mopess. On the other manus, Crash is non influenced by world at all. For good or for bad causes, Crash depicts an indistinct and an augmented world, a deformation of life that turns the tabular arraies for introspection. What is the Stereotypes Operational in the Movie? A figure of narratives entangle during the period of two yearss in the metropolis of Los Angeles, involves an mixture of inter-linked characters as given below: Detective of constabulary who has a drugged out female parent and a nimble-fingered brother Two robbers perpetually speculating on race and society The white lawyer of the territory and his annoyed and spoiled married woman A racialist white expert bull ( who is looking after at his ailment male parent at place ) who repulses his more impractical younger spouse A reputed manager of Hollywood and his partner who need to acquire in covering with the chauvinistic bull A Iranian migrator male parent who gets a gun for himself to screen his store A Spanish locksmith and his beautiful immature girl who fears slugs like anything and a figure of more things How Crash Exemplifies Ethnic and Racial Relationss in the Country of America? Clang seems to be an first-class correlativity between life A ; race. How, we as human existences trade with the issues of race in our life. Physical properties and racial differentiations can be two different traits that would split us. Or in simpler footings, they are the concerns that keep us separate. This leaves behind the countless theoretical inquiry that the film Crash exemplifies. What is the footing of personal jingoism? Do personal experiences support repute stereotypes? Is it easy to be responsible for the stereotypes that are already at that place because some things are merely inevitable? Would people be able to contend back the internal struggles within their single racial group? What stops us from suppressing such biass? The author of the film Crash managed it good to spread out your experience of sing the film more than the ninety-minute film, therefore coercing one to measure one s ain biass and the communal stereotypes that develop towards other people as good. Sum uping the Movie Crash Concerns of gender and race give rise to a group of unknown people in the metropolis of Los Angeles. The typical sequences bring out the associated emotions. Few samples Graham is a investigator of constabularies whose brother is a nimble-fingered individual on the streets, and it hurts him that his drugged out female parent loves his good for nil brother more than him. Graham s girlfriend and spouse Ria has started abounding over the fact along with his infrequent inconsideration over the world that he is an Afro-american while she is a Spanish. Rick is a territory lawyer of the territory of Los Angeles whose married woman Jean makes a little privateness about her fright and the abomination of the people non like her. The most atrocious imaginativenesss of Jean become true when two Afro-american carjack her SUV, who hate white people the manner Jean hates black people. Farhad is a tradesman from the Middle East, who feels he needs a gun to support his store and eventually buys it. As seen in the typical scenarios above, the interplay of emotions due to insecurity in the head of people belonging to different background, race and strata of society is brought out rather efficaciously in this film. All the characters in the film suffer from some or other sort of pre-disposed misjudgment about the other individual. The film is non preachy in nature instead it brings about the consequences of these emotional securities. Mentions Homepage Moview Crash, Retrieved on 23 Jan 2010 from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.crashfilm.com/ gt ;

The Indian Agriculture Sector

The Indian Agriculture Sector Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. It accounts for nearly 20 percent of the aggregate output. To be specific, nearly half of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood (Government of India, 2010, p. 6). Contribution of the agricultural sector to the economy is declining, however other sectors thrive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Indian Agriculture Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, approximately 45 percent of the total output was obtained from the agricultural sector in the early 70s,. The figure has dropped to less than 20 percent in the last decade. Nonetheless, agriculture still remains a significant source of employment for many Indians. It provides jobs to over half of the country’s population (Government of India, 2010, p. 12). The dwindling agricultural production has led to a decrease in agricultural exports and an increase in agricultural imports. T he ratio of agricultural exports to the total exports dropped to 10 percent in 2010 compared to 20 percent in the early 90s. On the other hand, the ratio of agricultural imports to the aggregate imports grew by approximately 6.6 percent in the last three decades (Government of India, 2010, p. 13). The decrease in agricultural production and the increase in agricultural imports have been a cause of major concern. Hot debates didnt provide any solution to the problem, as well as small reforms. situation deteriorated which led to introduction of the next five-year plan. As a result, the government came up with a five-year plan, which solely targets the agricultural sector. The five-year plan is aimed at reversing the disturbing trend in the sector. The five-year plan puts emphasis on the country’s self-sufficiency and self-reliance in the food production (Vaidyanathan, 2010, p. 9; Government of India, 2013, p. 5). This paper explores the impact of the 11th five-year plan on Indi a’s agricultural sector, particularly in promoting local food production and economy stability. 11TH  Five Year Plans (2007-2011) As the country’s population keeps growing, the nation needed to enhance its food production to take care of the ever-increasing demand. Given the significance of the agricultural sector to the economy, the government introduced the 11th five-year plan to provide support and incentives to farmers and other stakeholders in order to enhance production of food (Government of India, 2013, p. 5).Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are four principal elements of this policy. The first element is enhancement of viability of agricultural operations by increasing market access, availing insurance cover, and monitoring agricultural commodity prices (IBEF, 2013, p. 7). The second element is provision of suitable technologies through resea rch and training. The third element is increase of budgetary allocation for agriculture and its infrastructure so as to improve efficient use of natural resources and of agricultural commodity markets functioning. Last but not least is provision of better delivery of services, for instance, loans to farmers, veterinary services and general farm inputs. In a nutshell, the 11th five-year plan was aimed at increasing food production by providing special programs and building agricultural infrastructure (IBEF, 2013, p. 7). The Impact of the 11th Five-Year Plan on the economy and local food production Figure 1 below shows India’s GDP growth rate over the last ten years. It is clear that between 1997 and 2007 the real agricultural output was decreasing, whereas the non-agricultural output was increasing. The ratio of agricultural GDP to the total GDP was very low during that period. This forced the government to reconsider its policy on food production, hence to introduce the 11th five-year plan (Central Statistics Office, 2011, p. 44). The 11th five-year program introduced the National Food Security Mission (NFSM), which significantly increased production of cereals in the country. The principal goal of the National Food Security Mission was to establish scientific elements which incorporate mechanization, soil supplements and crop security measures (Government of India, 2013, p. 6). The 11th five-year plan helped to attain 3.2 percent agricultural GDP growth. Even though the figure was below the projected value of 4 percent, it was significantly better than the figures under the previous policies (Central Statistics Office, 2011, p. 45). Figure 1: Agriculture and Non-Agriculture GDP Growth Rate in India in the Last DecadeAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Indian Agriculture Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: (Central Statistics Office, 2011) Before the introduction of the 11 th five-year plan, the share of acreage of agricultural lands decreased by approximately 20 million hectares. Similarly, the area under food grains shrank by 10 percent. The lowest production was recorded in 2008. However, the introduction of new technologies under the 11th five-year plan led to 80 percent increase in acreage of agricultural lands. The production of rice, wheat and maize increased significantly, followed by pulses on the second place. Under the 11th five-year plan, food grain output increased by 2.3 percent (Central Statistics Office, 2011, p. 45). Generally, Indian agribusiness is characterized by diminutive and divided area holdings. There are around 130 million active holdings in the country. On average, each active holding possesses approximately 1.2 hectares. Less than 1 percent own more than 10 hectares (Sharma, 2011, p. 6). Before the introduction of the 11th five-year plan, the overall productivity among the smallholder producers was exceedingly low. Their p articipation in the market was poor because of such reasons as high transaction costs, low yields, inadequate information and small market consumption. In addition, increased land fragmentation led to big losses on farmlands. As a result, many farmers opted to lease their lands or seek gainful employment outside the agricultural sector (IBEF, 2013, p. 5). The introduction of the 11th five-year plan brought some positive results. The 11th five-year plan supported the formation of cooperatives and self-help groups. The cooperatives and self-help groups not only helped farmers to access credit facilities, but also to market their products. The government increased access to loan facilities by providing interest-free loans and subsidized inputs.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For this reason, many Indians went back to farming (IBEF, 2013, p. 6). By the end of 2012, cultivation areas had increased by 8 million hectares. The government also introduced other support programs through the 11th five-year plan, such as water for canal irrigation, power for groundwater pumping, retention price subsidy scheme for fertilizers, and access to the international market (IBEF, 2013, p. 7). According to the IBEF (2013, p. 7), the main objective of the 11th five-year plan was to increase the production of food grains by 20 million tons. The government allocated roughly 900 million U.S. dollars for the project. There are four main achievements of the 11th five-year plan for the first year according to the National Food Security Mission (NFSM). The first achievement was a 70 million tons to over 90 million tons increase of wheat production. The second achievement was a 90 million tons to over 110 million tons increase of rice production. The third achievement was an 80 mil lion tons to over 100 million tons increase of maize production. And the last was a 13 million tons to over 15 million tons increase of pulse production (IBEF, 2013, p. 7). Figure 2 below highlights the growth rate of land, labor and capital output based on the agricultural GDP index. Even though the productivity growth rate in the agricultural sector has always been low, averaging 2 percent per year, during the 11th five-year plan it reached 5 percent. This was the highest figure recorded in the country’s history. The closest was 3 percent, which was recorded in 1981. As a matter of fact, the Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) estimated the growth rate of real wages in the agricultural sector at 8 percent per annum during the period (Government of India, 2013, p. 9). Figure 2: Growth Rate of Land, Labor and Capital Output Source: (Government of India, 2013, p. 9) The introduction of the scientific elements, for instance, labor saving mechanization led to the rapid increase of private investment in the agricultural sector. This is attributed to the country’s rigid labor laws and the ever-increasing wages (Shiva, 2013, p. 2). Although mechanization helped farmers to deal with labor challenges, it caused a sharp decline in capital productivity. Even though moderated by gains from trade deals and debt cancellation, long-term investment in the agricultural sector may be unsustainable due to deteriorating capital productivity (Shiva, 2013, p. 3). The 12th five-year plan (2012-2017), which is basically a continuation of the 11th five-year plan also emphasizes increase of food grains production. The two plans (11th and 12th five-year plans) recognize the fact that self-sufficiency in food production can only be attained by increasing the production of staple foods. In India, food security is inextricably linked to food grains. Therefore, the debates on food shortages are concentrated on rice, wheat, maize and pulses (Sharma Dinesh, 201 1, p. 30). 12th five-year plan is also expected to produce high results and solve a lot of food problems in India. The 11th five-year plan helped substantially to make India a food sufficient country, despite the rapid growth of population. In other words, India is currently food secure due to the 11th five-year plan (IBEF, 2013, p. 9). Conclusion Agriculture in India is both a source of food and livelihood. In addition, the sector is very important to the country’s economy. However, the period between 1997 and 2007 was characterized by low agricultural productivity and high levels of food shortage. This forced the Indian government to spend a large amount of money on food import. On the other hand, the ratio of agricultural imports to the aggregate imports grew by approximately 6.6 percent in the last three decades regardless of the initiated key reforms in the agricultural sector. However, the reform programs were ineffective. This led to the introduction of the 11th five-y ear plan, which was aimed at making India a food-secure country through the production of food grains. The plan significantly helped reverse the situation. As a matter of fact, the 12th five-year plan, which runs up to 2017, is just a continuation of the 11th five-year plan. The 12th five-year plan also aims at increasing the production of food grains, which are staples in India. References Central Statistics Office 2011, Revised Estimates of Annual National Income 2010-11 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product, 2010-11, Central Statistics Office, New Delhi. Government of India 2010, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2010. Web. Government of India 2013, Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017): Economic Sectors, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi. IBEF 2013, The Indian Agriculture Sector: Investments, Growth and Prospects, India Brand Equity Foundation, New Delhi. Sharma, VP Dinesh, J 2011, High Value Agriculture in India: past Trends and Future P rospects. Web. Sharma, VP 2011, India’s Agricultural Development under the New Economic Regime: Policy Perspective and Strategy for the 12th Five Year Plan, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. Shiva, V 2013, Agricultural Sector in India. Web. Vaidyanathan, A 2010, Agriculture Growth in India: Role of Technology, Incentives and  Institutions, Oxford University Press, New York.

The strategic objectives of organizations Dissertation

The strategic objectives of organizations - Dissertation Example This then enables the organization to better assess and mitigate the strategic risks. In addition, the internal audit function in organizations identifies strategic risks in an organization through the communication between the chief audit executive and the organizations’ board of directors. This is mainly through the giving of notices to the board of directors in situations where the chief audit executive feels that a manager in the internal audit has created high risks that are above the organizations’ set risk level. This will allow for assessment of the risk and designing of effective ways to deal with it. Overall, the internal audit function through open communication with the risk management department and the strategic department as well as other departments in the organization, control the risk level of the organization and report on impending risks. On many levels, results from primary research agree with results from the literature review which show that the i nternal audit play specific roles with regard to risk management and these include evaluating risk management processes, evaluating the reporting of key risks, reviewing the management of key risks and giving assurance on the risk management processes and that risks are correctly evaluated (Wieczorek et al. 2002). In these roles of the internal audit from the literature review, communication is cross-cutting. The third objective of this study was to make recommendations for internal audit and strategy professionals regarding potential improvements of the strategic role of the internal audit.

Quality & Standards Written Report 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality & Standards Written Report 1 - Essay Example This is also supposed to be an appraisal report for the appropriateness of the quality assurance system at Strathclyde and suggest possible amendments for future implementation. Quality assurance is an integral part of all public institutions and organisations for a very long time (Combat, 2006). Quality assurance as an institutional practice entails the act of â€Å"verifying or determining whether products or services meet or exceed customer expectations† (Kietzman, 2011). Within the fire and rescue service, the general framework that regulates the operation of organisations, which is the Fire and Rescue National Framework Document (2010, p. 21) outlines quality assurance as a two-dimension approach, which involves the practice of evaluating an organisation’s efforts and inputs in tackling a particular fire and rescue operation as well as monitoring progress reports for growth of the organisation. At Strathclyde Fire, there is a whole strategic plan in place to ensure that this aims are achieved. Specifically, the organisation has an internal quality assurance team that is a whole department of its own in the organisation. The department is made up of deputy heads of all substantive departments. It is also includes the accounts and procurement executives. After each rescue event, the following take place among the quality assurance department Both the Fire and Rescue National Framework document and the Integrated Risk Management Plan (2007-2010) outline procedure for undertaking rescue operations among fire and rescue organisations in the United Kingdom. The evaluation on validity and benefits of quality assurance strategy as explained above shall therefore be done with these two documents as reference point. The first requirement is the institution of quality assurance system in each organisation (IRMP 2007 to 2010, p.66). As far as this concerned,

Cheyenne Native Americans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cheyenne Native Americans - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the Cheyenne comprise of two tribes i.e. the Tsà ©tsà ªhà ©stà ¢hese and the Sà ³'taeo'o. Members of the Algonquian family had a common territory (present-day Saskatchewan province) and language.   However, in the mid 16th century, they began their southwestward migration in pursuit of buffaloes and game. However, prior to this, the Cheyenne resided alongside the Missouri River in Minnesota. There is evidence that they were ardent farmers who also made ceramics and artifacts. After losing a battle with the Hidatsa and Mandan tribes, they were driven off to the plains. This is when they took up buffalo hunting and occupied the area that comprises of modern-day Wyoming, Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska and South Dakota. Consequently, their housing units changed from earthen lodges to ‘tipis’, temporary houses made of buffalo hide. This tribe was further subdivided into ten bands and four leaders were appointed from each band. In addition, there was a council of elders that comprised of forty-four elected men. The council convened on a regular basis to deliberate on tribal affairs. Authority was deeply centralized, and the Cheyenne people were united by ritual ceremonialism and the famous ‘Sun Dance’ was the main climax. ‘Sacred arrows’ was another ceremonial ritual and this was undertaken whenever the Cheyenne people waged tribal war. The Cheyenne have a rich cultural heritage which is characterized by religious beliefs, ceremonies, religious practitioners, traditional medicine and veneration of the dead. Aside from the sun dance and arrow dance, there are three other significant ceremonies. These include Mahut renewal, Isiwun and animal dance. Death and life are deemed a spiritual process. A good life automatically results in a good death. Conversely, an evil life leads to malevolent spirits who are bound to torment the living. Hence, the Cheyenne really advocate for a good life. Indian tribes includin g the Cheyenne welcomed the European settlers into America and even taught them survival tactics. Unfortunately, this cordiality was short-lived and the White settlers began to acquire their land. Initially, this was done via treaties but with time the Cheyenne were forcefully evicted from their territories. They were driven off to barren land that was unwanted by the European settlers. As stated above, treaties were the initial means of acquiring Native American territorial land. One famous treaty is the 1851 Laramie Treaty. The Cheyenne were represented in this treaty between US government representatives and Native American tribes. Several resolutions were made and they include the following. First, a truce was reached between warring rival tribes. Secondly, each tribe was to receive $50,000 per annum for 10 years as compensation for their land. Third, the US government gained the right to build infrastructure on native land. The white settlers were also assured of peace when the y traveled along the Overland Trail. Fourth, maps were demarcated to show areas where the tribes were allowed to hunt and fish. Subsequent treaties had well-established reservations for Indian tribes. The mid-seventeenth century was characterized by massive immigration of European settlers into America.

Mangment Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mangment - Speech or Presentation Example Secondly, it is impossible to calculate the beginning work in progress since it obtained from a previous year’s end work in progress, which is not contained in the extract provided. Lastly, since the units for measuring the direct labor cost is not provided, it is impractical to calculate the cost using the information in the manufacturing account extract (Lal & Srivastava 404-423). The estimated overhead rate allocation rate on the basis of direct labor cost = (15,000/10,000) = $ 1.5 per direct labor cost. Therefore, overhead cost to be added to job Q at the year end = (1.5*8,000) = $ 12,000 (Lal & Srivastava 404-423). The overhead allocation rate = 120% of direct labor. From this, the overhead cost of job 413 = (120/100) *8, 000 = $ 9,600. Therefore, the total manufacturing cost assigned = overhead cost + direct materials cost + direct labor cost = (9,600 + 12,000 + 8,000) = $ 29,600. The unit product cost for job 413 = total manufacturing cost/ number of units = (29,600/200) = $ 148 (Lal & Srivastava

Why do Brand Extension Strategies Fail Literature review

Why do Brand Extension Strategies Fail - Literature review Example The strategy of brand extension is being used by the organisations in order to cope up with different challenging situations and overcome the competitive pressure in the industry. According to the Han (1998), the brand extension of strategy have been beneficial for the companies in the process of reaping additional benefits from the already established brand. The main reason or rationale behind the introduction of new product under the name of well known and established brand is to make sure that the customers and market is familiar with the brand and the new product category can capture market on the basis of the positive and main characteristics of the parent brand (Buil, Chernatony, and Hem, 2009). Different options available to the brand managers in the process of brand extension are: 1. Horizontal Extension: the horizontal extension is further divided into line extension and category extension. In the line extension a whole new product, within the same category as that of the pa rent brand, is introduced in order to target and capture a new and different segment of the market. On the other hand, in the category extension the same brand is extended into a whole new product category. ... IMPACT OF BRAND EXTENSION STRATEGY ON THE BRAND IMAGE AND BUSINESS: In order to make sure that the brand extension strategy proves to be beneficial and helpful for the organisation and increase the competitiveness of the organisation it is important to identify and understand the implications of the brand extension strategy on the brand image and overall business of the organisation (Serrao and Botelho, 2008). There are several factors which directly influence the impact of the brand extensions on the brand image. According to the research study of Martinez and Chernatony (2004), the perceived brand quality by the consumers and the attitudes and behaviours of the consumers towards the overall extension strategy have positive impact on the general brand image and product brand image. The research study also concluded that the fact that consumers are familiar and aware of the brand only have impact on the general brand image and have no impact on the product brand image. On the other h and the consumers’ perceived degree of fit between the parent brand and new brand only influence the product brand image. The research study of Martinez and Chernatony (2004), have created a difference between the general brand image and the product brand image. They have correctly identified the impact of the consumers attitudes on the general brand image and product brand image. However, their stance about the impact of familiarity and awareness on the GBI and PBI is somewhat shaky. If the customers are aware and familiar with the brand it will definitely affect the PBI also, because the customers will relate the product with the overall brand image and will associate same image with it. The research study by Park, McCarthy, and Milberg (1993), concluded that the

Los Angeles Independent Media Causes Essay Example for Free

Los Angeles Independent Media Causes Essay The Los Angeles Independent Media Center is a website that allows for left wing issues to be reported and shared on the web for all to see. They have over two dozen different categories that people have reported on ranging from animal rights and anti-war to immigration and indigenous rights and issues. Arizona has a proportionally large number of illegal immigrants working in the state just like California. Naturally this was one of the categories that caught my eye. When reading some of the article I came across a story from 2007. It was a march in Los Angeles (LA) in which mostly immigrants participated. They were marching because they wanted to be treated just as fairly as the legal citizens of the United States. They preached that they have been working just as hard to contribute to the economy of this country. There are two sides to any story and this is true in this case as well. On one hand they are doing the jobs that normal Americans do not want to do but others argue that they are here illegally and should not have the same rights as legal Americans. These two sides will be debated for years to come until someone can come up with a reasonable solution that will satisfy both side. The idea of illegal â€Å"under the table† help is too engrained within our society that it would be impossible to eliminate the issue over night. Not only are illegal immigrants fighting for their rights, but in some cases so are Americans. In California Wal-Mart would contract with temporary job agencies to fill jobs working in warehouses. These workers can be exposed to toxic chemicals and extreme heat conditions. They are also sometimes not given the wages that they were promised. Because Wal-Mart uses third party companies to supply the labor they have in the part denied any wrong doing in the situation. Of course in this case there are no unions to represent the workers and them facing the threat of losing their job if they express their dissatisfaction of their working conditions. Some groups are not even worried with the thought of having a job; they just want to protect areas that have existed for hundreds of years. Kuruvungna means: â€Å"A place where we are in the sun† in the Tongva language. For thousands of years the Tongva people lived here in relative peace and harmony with their environment until the European invasion of the Americas. (Sunday, 2012) In 1992 a group of environmentalists was able to secure a piece of land that was located on a public school’s property for the low cost of one dollar a year. This piece of property contained a natural spring that once belonged to the Tongva people before they were forcefully removed. The spring is said to have natural healing powers as well as native fish species, fresh water crayfish, a 200 year old Mexican Cypress tree, oak trees, hummingbird sage and other native grasses. The group is trying to secure another long term lease for the same price. One of the more controversial issues of our times is the use of genetically modified foods for consumption. These foods consist of simple fruits and vegetable to more complex animals like cows and pigs. One major reason behind this is that scientists can modify items to produce more nutrient rich foods for consumption. Scientists can also produce animals that can be modified to produce medicine, organs for transplant, meat or even engineered pets. It seems like a good idea to have enough organs and such to go around so that way no one would have to wait for a transplant and in the long run saving human lives. The biggest debate is to determine whether a human life is more important than that of an animal. This debate has been going on for some time now and will probably keep going on especially since the US Food and Drug Administration has taken steps to allow for the sale of genetically engineered animals. One of the biggest issues we have in America is politicians supporting special interest groups and not the constituents they were elected to represent. The City of Fullerton California was faced with a lawsuit from a construction company after denying the company’s proposal to develop a more suburban sprawl in one of the last bits of natural ecosystems in Orange County. Initially the city council had voted to deny the request from the company. In a strange turn of events, a year later the city voted to settle with the company and approve the proposal. Currently citizens have collected signatures to get a referendum on the next ballot to hopefully overturn the city’s decision. Every year across the country we hear about budget cuts in the education system. Along with the cuts we also hear of colleges increasing tuition to cover basic costs. So the question remains how can a school cut costs because it does not have money yet at the same time raise tuition? People finally had enough and all across the country students were walking out of class in protest and joined their community members in protests at superintendents’ offices, city councils and board meetings to express their concern with all of the cuts that have happened. In recent months teachers have joined the effort, which has become inspiring that they seem to not have a concern for their jobs while they protest. Alas, the protests have had little success as we still see cuts being made and tuition is still being raised semester after semester. America is in the middle of a war and with that comes anti-war protests. Different groups have tried to use different tactics to draw attention to their cause. One group protests on thanksgiving while others have protested on Christmas ask the question: what would Jesus choose? One of the more powerful messages came from a group back in 2009. They staged a mock funeral precession honoring those American and Iraqi people who have died during the war time period. These protests have been so powerful that the president vowed to end the war if he was elected. The baby boomer generation has grown up with the knowledge that if they want their voice heard then they organize a protest or a walk. After a bad statement from a Canadian police officer in 2001, large groups of women took to the streets to get the word out about sexual assaults. The groups organized what they called a â€Å"Slut Walk. It is one of those situations in which they should have thought about how the name of their walk could be portrayed within the community. These walks have occurred throughout the world to include the US, Canada, UK, Australia and several European countries. These walks have had support from several large human rights groups such as Planned Parenthood, CA National Organization for Women and Peace over Violence. There are many different subjects for people to post article on that would spark criminal acts and public disorder. These subjects include Anti-War, Class War, Immigration, Police State, and Racism. These are all catalysts for groups to recruit people who believe in their cause. The best part about the website is that people can post at any time they wish. It also helps that the website has multiple links to other cities, states and foreign countries similar websites. This is crucial because it does not bog down the website with data and provides a worldwide platform for left wing issues and causes.

Implementing IMC at lower levels of theoretical models

Implementing IMC at lower levels of theoretical models This report is about the use of Integrated Marketing Communications in the marketing industry, in particular focusing on the various definitions that exist for IMC. My report also investigates why organisations choose not to approach IMC or if they do why they appear to only implement it at the lower levels of the theoretical models and not take it further. I will do this by discussing IMC in a variety of ways and looking at organisations as examples, whilst considering many academics views on IMC and its future from the many journals I have read. Integrated Marketing Communications is the integration of all marketing communication tools and sources from within a company put in conjunction in order to create a campaign that maximizes the impact on consumers with minimal cost. The marketing communications mix is the starting point of IMC and the end aim to achieve is to maintain strong communication throughout the company and customers. The marketing mix consists of the following tools advertising, direct marketing, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. The goal is to combine all these tools along with the organisations message and other aspects of the marketing mix, in order to overtake any competitors. The definitional concern of IMC has been an ongoing problem amongst the academics. There are a range of various definitions some of which are contrasting, although even those with similar points vary hugely in terms of technique and simplicity. Schulz and Schulz (1998) introduced a new definition which in the opinions of others includes both the current and future features of IMC. This definition emphasises the strategic aspects and refers to IMC as a business process instead of simply the combining of marketing tools. Although this definition is successful Kliatchko believed that for it to be complete it must not limit the scope of IMC to the strategic management of multiple audiences or markets, multiple channels and financial results, as it is therefore leaving out crucial content which is obtained and delivered through the IMC process. Although it could be argued that this is implied in the term marketing communication, Kliatchko felt it was important to be stated also. This new definition also implements the term business process which was previously introduced by Schultz and Schultz (1998). Kliatchko (2005) agrees tremendously with this term and explains that it perfectly describes the core of integration. In addition it also supports the findings of Jones et al. (2004) and Fill (2002) that IMC has advanced from purely being a communication process to a management process. IMC is an audience-driven business process of strategically managing stakeholders, content, channels and results of brand communication programs Kliatchko (2008). One key difference between Kliatchko and the Schultz and Schultz (1998) definition is the use of the term business processes, Kliatchko highlights how it is audience driven on order to reinforce the view that IMC gives to significant publics. Fill concentrates on the relationship with audiences, IMC is a strategic approach to the planned management of an organisations communications. IMC requires that organisations coordinate their various strategies, resources and messages in order that it engages coherently and meaningfully with target audiences. The main purpose is to develop relationships with audiences that are of mutual value (Fill 2005). Whereas Kotler (2003) focuses on how the market is perceived by the public a way of looking at the whole marketing process from the view point from the viewpoint of the customer. There are then extremely opposing viewpoints such as that made by Cornelissen and Lock (2000) that IMC is just a short term management fashion. The concept of integrated marketing communications has become an essential part of the market in terms of communication strategies for companies however due to the definition constantly changing it prevents IMC being developed and understood to a full extent. The changes that have taken place over recent years have highlighted the capability of the current marketing practices. It is viewed that there is a need for change if any future challenges are going to be met. The momentum for this adaptation in the industry has almost certainly been strongest in the larger fast moving consumer orientated organisations. There is no doubt that integrated marketing communication is not easily achieved, and can therefore lead to failure, however when practiced correctly it can have extremely successful results. IMC is a significant and essential theme (Cornelissen and Lock 2001) for a variety of reasons, it is just crucial to consider both the advantages and the barriers. Integrated Marketing Communications involves a great deal of work, although when this effort is put in it brings achievement. It gives the company an edge over their competition which leads to an increase in profit, whilst in the long run it saves money and time due to the planning. IMC has been defined by Kotler (1996) as a technique to produce more consistent and successful communications throughout a whole company. The main benefit of IMC will be to achieve the desired goal of marketing communications by an individual organisation, however well known academics have developed their own lists of specific advantages to using IMC. Linton and Morleys (1995) ten potential benefits of integrated marketing communications are shown below. Creative Integrity Operational efficiency Consistent messages Cost Savings Unbiased marketing recommendations High- Calibre consistent service Better use of Media Easier working relations Greater Marketing Position Greater agency accountability Fig 1.1 (Linton and Morley) Linton and Morley demonstrate ten advantages of the use of IMC here, which gives a guideline to why IMC is to be encouraged and how it will benefit organisations, however some of the points are fairly vague and may be misinterpreted for example unbiased marketing recommendations. Fill (2006) on the other hand only lists eight, but both sets of lists include similar points which demonstrate how confident some academics are in the advantages of IMC. According to Kuczynski (1992), success of integration occurs with consistency in particular in the companys message. Tynan (1994) also believes this and goes on to explain that for IMC to be achieved not only is it through media being combined but he reiterates the importance of the consumer receiving one clear message. A comprehensible message has much more of an impact and will stand out in the mind of a customer over the hundreds of other adverts that surround an individual every day. Un-integrated communications will develop inconsistent messages which will make them less credible. Duncan and Everett (1993) also consider that consistency in the marketing communication elements will prevent any impending conflicts. IMC also incorporates all the various communications in order for the customer to progress through the steps of the buying process and cultivates the relationship with the customers. This relationship ensures a sense of brand loyalty and consumers will therefore feel safer with this particular brand and therefore remain with them. This ability of accomplishing a customer for life is a very strong advantage over competitors. Duncan and Everett (1993) believe that IMC leads to a decrease in media waste and therefore the company gains this competitive edge. This was also reinforced by Linton and Morleys (1995) ten potential benefits. Organisations have identified that it is becoming increasingly harder to maintain consumers loyalty, which is why integrated marketing communications is important in a technique to gain advantage over any competitors. Regardless of huge investments these complicated relationships between a business multiple marketing comms. are not completely understood. Re search shows that the positive effects of combining media for example print advertising and television looks promising and that a change is taking place. Another set of research illustrates that 20 years ago 75% of marketing budgets in America was inserted into mass advertising, whereas today 50% goes towards trade promotions, 25% into consumer promotions and only 25% into advertising, which is a huge decline of 50% (Kitchen, 2003). Money is another issue related to IMC. It saves money in the long run however many organisations do not appreciate the long term values of integrated marketing communications and therefore fail to see it as an investment. This appears to be slowly changing though due to the fact the importance of brand value is becoming more common knowledge. Tortorici suggests that one of the easiest ways to maximise its return on an investment is through the use of IMC. (Tortorici 1991) He would have suggested this for a number of reasons such as agency fees being reduced, as it becomes possible for one agency to handle all the communications, and also because it eliminates replication in various areas in the company such as logos, graphics and photography that the company intends to use. In the industrial product market, IMC frequently takes the form of personal selling with advertising. This combination was seen as beneficial due to the decrease in selling costs (Morrill 1970) and a report comple ted by the McGraw-Hill Corporation in 1987 came to the same conclusion plus the evidence that it also reduced the amount of sales calls to the industrial decision makers. One example of this is IBM, there customer contact costs decreased enormously. (Moretti 1994). Belch and Belch (2001) believe that the benefits of adopting IMC do not just stop at limiting the operating costs but an optimistic attitude and concern for the company are just as significant. Overall all of this would in actual fact reduce the workload and save money long term, however most budgets set in a company are set with only short term in consideration. Despite its many benefits, Integrated Marketing Communications has barriers to overcome just like the money issue just discussed. There are a number of other barriers that authors have identified. For example Ewing et al quoted It has been suggested that departments can develop territorialism because they do not want to change their functional standing. (Ewing et al.,1997.) Schultz also goes on to say that they may be reluctant for this change because of a lack of understanding of IMC (Schultz 1996). This could start to explain why companies do not use IMC when perhaps it would in fact be appropriate for them to. Whats more, problems with implementation and measurement have been exemplified by several authors (Eagle et al., 1998). Implementation of IMC is difficult to achieve but it also hard to distinguish where to start planning wise. It has been discussed whether promotional activities should begin by examining external factors of the customers first. Although this is clearly a barrier, it does not necessarily mean that it should discourage everyone, as practice makes perfect to reach a great outcome. Another issue that has arisen is the structure of companies which makes it difficult for integration. Organisations are generally subdivided in areas, and although joint assignments may help to break down these organisational barriers the hierarchical structures will still be an issue (Gonring 2000). Pickton and Hartley (1998) also agree with the idea that the implementation has proven exceedingly complicated due to these organisational barriers. Integrated communications has not caught on to many companies(Pettigrew 2001), for a number of reasons firstly the barriers of IMC contribute to this, however after the previous discussion there are ways to overcome the barriers and there are in fact more advantages to it so the question is why is it not being adopted. The debate of what marketing communications can accomplish has been a big question for many years (Ambler 2000). I will look at what various practitioners believe and also the main reasons why IMC has not taken off as much as it perhaps should have (Pettigrew 2001). Marketers dont generally seem to like change in regards to new investments and approach to their marketing communications due to a fear of change (Gonring 2000), which is therefore an issue in relation to adopting IMC. Although they may realise that as technology is growing the importance for companies to be organised and consistent is also increasing (Cornelissen 2003). A lack of understanding of Integrated Marketing Communications is also another factor to why IMC is highly recognised but is not necessarily chosen to be used. This shortage of knowledge must be addressed before managers are expected to use integrated marketing. This all stems from the fact that there are many different views on whether IMC is here to stay or whether it is just a fad. Cornelissen and Lock state that IMC is nothing new but only a management fad (Cornelissen and Lock 2000), this is severely disagreed with by most other practitioners who see IMC as the future for example IMC is a new brand concept for the emerging digitalised environment (Shultz and kitchen 2000). There are also so many different definitions which can make it confusing from the beginning, nevertheless with all of these reasons considered the main weakness of IMC still lies in the apparent inability of agencies to measure behavioural outcomes. This major issue of not being able to measure the effects of an integrated campaign is majorly delaying the implementation process and there is a lack of empirical studies into how it could be measured. Indicating how IMC could move into full implementation is a huge concern, measurement and evaluation corresponds to an extra cost to organisations. These organisations will have built up thorough behavioural databases of their consumers; however it would be unfair to access these unless an extremely strong relationship had been developed. Overall, it would seem that integrated marketing communications have developed greatly, but there are still many issues to overcome in order to for IMC to be completed successfully achieved in companies. It is important for this to occur as it has been defined by Chang et al.(1991) that consumers attend more to integrated marketing communication than a normal advertising campaign. One model used is the four pillars of IMC by Kliatchko; these four pillars are the elements on which IMC levels are based, they are content, channels, stakeholders and results. For full implementation of IMC, firms must use all four levels (Schultz and Schultz 1998). Although each pillar is separate there is a present of each of the four levels, just each have their own most prominent section. The end goal of Content is primarily to deliver a consistent message for utmost communication impact (Duncan Caywood 1996).The objective is therefore for the target audience (stakeholders) to receive a clear integrated message. If this desired goal is achieved then integration at the first level has been achieved. A good example of this is Haagen Dazs ice cream. They use experimental appeals to their audience which communicates a sense of fun and pleasure, which is consistent through all of other campaigns. Pillar two is all related to the channels of communication, not just in its general sense but also in the view of the customer, in order to obtain what customers prefer. This allows appropriate content to connect effectively with the audience. The ability to connect with a target audience in a way in which they prefer and deliver the message according to their terms would be successful IMC at this level. BT attempted to do this in their 1998 World Cup Football tournament. They took advantage of the football in order to make their advert more relevant and appealing to the public, this would have made it more interesting for the public who were interested in football but not for the rest of their target audience. The third pillar is applying information technology for the benefit of both the company and consumers. If the company uses IT to gain a better understanding of their customers and then they can manage databases of information. This better knowledge will allow them to obtain better relationships with consumers by combining the other pillars, more targeted messages by their preferred channels. This provides a more profitable future for the company (Schultz and Schultz 1998). Gillette Mach 3 achieved this as they produced an advert that utilised a functional appeal and communicate the brands specific attributes capable of solving consumers consumption-related problems. They therefore took into consideration what they target audience wanted to be delivered to them and how whilst making them a profit, this was successful IMC at this level. The final pillar is strategic integration and results. If a company gets to this stage of integration then they have a good understanding of the demands of integration and what is necessary. Schultz and Schultz (1998) categorise this pillar as the one that allows a company to analyse more precisely the relation between returns and investments made in the marketing communications campaign. This is why this is the fourth pillar, as it is prominently the measurement of results which as discussed earlier is extremely hard to achieve, hence why my organisations only implement IMC at the lower levels of models such as this. Another IMC model is demonstrated below and was designed by Pickton and Broderick (2000). This is a much simpler model; however it does look at how integration starts off tactical and ends up strategic. Bupas recent marketing strategy was to reposition the company and integrate its offering. The core brand proposal Bupa the personal health service was announced through a number of Medias such as TV, press, radio sponsorship and PR. The website was a huge success and played a key role in its integrated communications by offering online quotes and support. This promotion created awareness of the brand and increased their sales. The Group Marketing Director quoted we have succeeded in positioning Bupa as the only dedicated independent health care specialist in the UK. ( Marketing Business 2002) Schultz also developed seven levels of integration model. The seven levels of integration are Awareness of need for IMC the starting point of the model, realisation. Image- consistency between media. Functional Forming marketing communication programmes in order to achieve certain aims. Co-ordinated Personal selling is integrated with other elements in order to continue consistency. Personal selling is directly integrated with other elements of marketing communications to ensure consistency between impersonal and interpersonal forms of communication. Consumer-based Understanding the consumers needs and wants, this is like the second pillar of Kliatchkos model. Stakeholder- recognition of stakeholders after the final customers. Relationship management. A good example of complete IMC that could have applied the seven levels of integration is Coco Cola. It is one of the worlds most famous brand names and was given the title of leading brand recognition in 2003 by the Business week. Coca Cola represents major emotional advantages over all its competitors, whilst given the customers what they want. They are a loyal brand who creates consistent messages across their adverts and their message is always clear. They also produce spectacular adverts and have a strong brand image and logo, therefore they are incorporating lot of the seven levels of integration and it is obvious that they are doing successfully. It is clear that IMC plays a vital role in the industry and everyday more is being learnt and understood. A clearer picture of Integrated Marketing is emerging and therefore future companies will begin to adopt it and take it to further levels of the theoretical models rather than just using it at the lower levels. It was established that due to a lack of understanding, and the rest of the barriers, this is the reason why companies only implement at the lower levels. The difficulty of IMC makes organisations reluctant however in the future if it is the path they must take to develop their company then IMC will evolve. Ambler, T. (2000), Persuasion, pride and prejudice: how ads work, International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 299-315. Belch, G.E. and Belch, M.A. (2001), Advertising and Promotion, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, NY, pp. 10, 78-79. Chang, D.-R., Hahn, M. and Ik-Tae K., (1991) Consumer Response to Coupons with Advertising in a Pretesting Context, Working Paper, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. Cornelissen, J.P. and Lock, A.R. (2000), Theoretical concept or management fashion? Examining the significance of IMC, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 40 No. 5, pp. 7-15. Cornelissen, J.P. and Lock, A.R. (2001), The appeal of integration: managing communications in modern organisations, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 19 No. 6, pp. 425-31. Cornelissen, J.P. (2003), Change, continuity and progress: the concept of integrated marketing communications and marketing communications practice, Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 217-34. Duncan, T. and Everett, S.E. (1993), Client perceptions of integrated marketing communications, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 33 No. 3, p. 30. Duncan, T. and Caywood, C. (1996), The Concept, Process, and Evolution of Integrated Marketing Communication, Laurence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ. Duncan, T.R. Caywood, C.L. (1996) The concept, process, and evolution of integrated marketing communications, in Thorson, E. Moore, J. (eds) Integrated Communication: Synergy of Persuasive Voices. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 13-34. Eagle, L., Hyde, K., Fourie, W., Padisetti, M. and Kitchen, P. (1998) Revisiting the Concept of Integrated Marketing Communications: Contrasting Perceptions Between Marketers and Advertising Agency Executives, paper prepared for 3rd International Conference on Marketing and Corporate Communication, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. Ewing, M. T., de Bussey, N. and Ramaseshan, B. (1997) The Power and Politics of Integrated Marketing Communications, Curtin Business School Working Paper, November, 1-18. Ewing, M.T., Du Pleiss, E. Foster, C. (2001) Cinema advertising re-considered. Journal of Advertising Research, 41(1), pp. 78-85. Fill, C. (2002) Marketing Communications: Contexts, Strategies and Applications (3rd edn). London: Prentice Hall. Fill, C. (2002), Marketing Communications, Contexts, Strategies and Applications, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall Europe, Hemel Hempstead, p. 32. Fill (2006) Lecture Slides, MKT2011. Gonring, M.P. (2000), Global megatrends push IMC concepts to forefront of strategic business thinking, Journal of Integrated Communications, Vol. 2000-2001, pp. 15-18. Holm, O. (2006), Integrated marketing communication: from tactics to strategy, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 23-33. Jerry Kliatchko. (2008). Revisiting the IMC construct: a revised definition and four pillars. International Journal of Advertising. 27 (1), 1-13 Jones, G.S., Li, T., Kitchen, P.J. Brignell, J. (2004) The emergence of IMC: a theoretical perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 44 (1), pp. 19-30. Kitchen, P.J. Schultz, D.E. (1999) A multi-country comparison of the drive for IMC. Journal of Advertising Research, 39(1), pp. 21-38 Kitchen, P.J. Schultz, D.E. (2001) Raising the Corporate Umbrella: Corporate Communication in the 21st Century. New York: Palgrave Publishers Ltd. Kliatchko, J.G. (2005) Towards a new definition of integrated marketing communications (IMC). International Journal of Advertising, 24(1), pp. 7-34. Kotler, P. (1996) Principles of Marketing, 7th edn, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Kotler, P. (2000), Marketing Management, 10th ed., Prentice-Hall International, London, p. 7, 19. Kuczynski, A. (1992) Beyond Advertising, Towards Integration, Marketing, 13, 50-53. Linton, I. And Morley, K. (1995), Integrated marketing Communications. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Marketing Business (2002), Strong Vital Signs, September 14. Moretti, P. (1994) Telemarketers Serve Clients, Business Marketing, April, 27-29. Morrill, J. E. (1970) Industrial Advertising Pays Off,Harvard Business Review, March/April, 4. Pettigrew, L.S. (2001a), If IMC is so good: why isnt it being implemented?, Journal of Integrated Communications, No. 35. Pettigrew, L.S. (2001b), If IMC is so good: why isnt it being implemented?, Journal of Integrated Communications, No. 36. Pickton, D. Hartley, B. (1998) Measuring integration: an assessment of the quality of integrated marketing communication. International Journal of Advertising, 17(4), pp. 447-465. Schultz, D.E. Schultz, H.F. (1998) Transitioning marketing communication into the twenty-first century. Journal of Marketing Communications, 4(1), pp. 9-26. Schultz, D.E. Schultz, H.F. (2005) Measuring brand value, in Tybout, A. Calkins, T. (eds) Kellog on Branding. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Tortorici, A. J. (1991) Maximising Marketing Communications through Horizontal and Vertical Orchestration, Public Relations Quarterly, 36, 20-22. Tynan, K. (1994) Multi-channel Marketing: MaximisingMarket Share with an Integrated Marketing Strategy,Probus, Danvers, MA.

A Liberal Arts Education :: essays research papers

A Liberal Arts Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A liberal arts education provides students with a broad spectrum of information enabling them to expand knowledge and to advance society in a positive direction. This universal education provides a strong foundation of knowledge in many subjects. The students can observe the strengths and capabilities, as well as the limitations of each field of study. This allows the students to find connections between diverse fields of study, to explore them, and to discover new theories, thoughts, or inventions. It allows the students to investigate areas of intrigue and create new fields of study by blending subjects that compliment each other. With these new inventions, discoveries, ideas, and new methods of problem solving, society will advance in a positive direction. Standards of living will rise with these inventions and discoveries, making society more productive and more capable of controlling its surroundings. New thoughts and theories will give insight to those who desire meaning and understanding of concepts. A liberal arts education provides a strong foundation of knowledge in many fields and subjects allowing students to create new theories, inventions, and connections between fields. With this foundation, great thinkers can build and expand from what others have learned rather than wasting time and effort on what has already been discovered. While it is true that the factual information about each subject is very important, the most useful tool liberal arts students can possess is the knowledge of the strengths and capabilities of each individual field, as well as the weaknesses and restrictions. With this knowledge, the students can mesh attributes of different subjects to formulate new and more brilliant concepts; the brilliance being a function of the strengths and compatibility of the chosen subjects. As in mixing colors, a new color can only be created by mixing different colors. The brilliance of this new color depends on the shades and hues of the colors used to create it. The same is true for education. The resulting idea or innovation is a function of the aptness and compatibility of the subjects meshed to create it. For example, the invention of the transistor, one of the most important electronic devices, was developed by a team of research specialists. Specialized mathematicians, scientists, physicists, and engineers all worked together to find a quicker, more efficient way to process the overload of telephone calls. The leaders of this research team had to be highly educated in every one of those fields of study, as well as language. They had to practically translate the technical terms of each field to the other team members so each one understood the A Liberal Arts Education :: essays research papers A Liberal Arts Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A liberal arts education provides students with a broad spectrum of information enabling them to expand knowledge and to advance society in a positive direction. This universal education provides a strong foundation of knowledge in many subjects. The students can observe the strengths and capabilities, as well as the limitations of each field of study. This allows the students to find connections between diverse fields of study, to explore them, and to discover new theories, thoughts, or inventions. It allows the students to investigate areas of intrigue and create new fields of study by blending subjects that compliment each other. With these new inventions, discoveries, ideas, and new methods of problem solving, society will advance in a positive direction. Standards of living will rise with these inventions and discoveries, making society more productive and more capable of controlling its surroundings. New thoughts and theories will give insight to those who desire meaning and understanding of concepts. A liberal arts education provides a strong foundation of knowledge in many fields and subjects allowing students to create new theories, inventions, and connections between fields. With this foundation, great thinkers can build and expand from what others have learned rather than wasting time and effort on what has already been discovered. While it is true that the factual information about each subject is very important, the most useful tool liberal arts students can possess is the knowledge of the strengths and capabilities of each individual field, as well as the weaknesses and restrictions. With this knowledge, the students can mesh attributes of different subjects to formulate new and more brilliant concepts; the brilliance being a function of the strengths and compatibility of the chosen subjects. As in mixing colors, a new color can only be created by mixing different colors. The brilliance of this new color depends on the shades and hues of the colors used to create it. The same is true for education. The resulting idea or innovation is a function of the aptness and compatibility of the subjects meshed to create it. For example, the invention of the transistor, one of the most important electronic devices, was developed by a team of research specialists. Specialized mathematicians, scientists, physicists, and engineers all worked together to find a quicker, more efficient way to process the overload of telephone calls. The leaders of this research team had to be highly educated in every one of those fields of study, as well as language. They had to practically translate the technical terms of each field to the other team members so each one understood the

Essay --

During 26 December, the Fiji Meteorological Service's Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Nadi, Fiji (TCWC Nadi), started to monitor a tropical depression that had developed within the Intertropical Convergence Zone about 575 km (355 mi) to the south-east of Nauru.[1][2] Over the next few days the depression gradually developed and organised further, as it moved towards the west-southwest under the influence of a north-easterly steering flow.[1][3] During 28 December, the JTWC classified the depression as Tropical Cyclone 05P, before TCWC Nadi reported that the system had developed into a category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale and named it Rewa.[4][5][6] Over the next few days, the system gradually intensified under the influence of favourable upper-level winds while it moved towards the south-southwest, passing through the Solomon Islands on 29 December and affecting the southeastern islands of Papua New Guinea.[3][7] As it moved through the So lomon Islands, Rewa moved out of the South Pacific basin and into the Australian region, where the Bureau of Meteorology's Brisbane tropical cyclone warning centre (TCWC Brisbane) took the primary warning responsibility for the system.[4][8] On 30 December, the JTWC reported that Rewa had become equivalent to a category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale (SSHS); early the next day TCWC Brisbane reported that the system had developed into a category 3 severe tropical cyclone, and an eye became visible on satellite imagery.[1][2][5] The system then abruptly turned and started to move towards the south parallel to the Queensland coast because of an interaction with an upper-level trough of low pressure.[3][4] On 2 January both the JTWC and... ... a tropical storm while throughout that day TCWC Brisbane assessed Rewa as a category 3 severe tropical cyclone.[2][7] During the next day, TCWC Brisbane reported that Rewa had weakened into a category 2 tropical cyclone as it recurved and started to move towards the south-east about 265 km (165 mi) to the east of Mackay, Queensland.[7][5] Over the next couple of days the system moved towards the south-southeast along the Queensland coast while maintaining its intensity.[5] During 21 January, TCWC Brisbane and the JTWC reported that Rewa had weakened below cyclone strength, as the system moved back into the South Pacific basin for the third and final time.[4][6] Rewa's remnants were last noted late on 23 January, by TCWC Wellington, bringing heavy rain to New Zealand, while dissipating over water about 400 km (250 mi) to the east of Wellington, New Zealand.[4][5][11]

CANDLE MAKING IP

Mr.. Meekly Sibyl for lending the book related on the study and for teaching us how to make our product. Mr.. And Mrs.. Romeo F. Aquinas and Mr.. And Mrs.. Ariel Peter M. Seeding for their support to the researchers not only financially but also morally. Their batches from Ill-Titanium. Especially, Sherry Barras, Anomie Lazars, and Jenny Pictorial. ABSTRACT A candle is a solid block of wax with an embedded wick which is ignited to provide light, and sometimes heat, and historically was used as a method of keeping time. A candle manufacturer is traditionally known as a chandler.Various devices have been invented to hold candles, from simple tabletop candle holders, to elaborate chandeliers. For a candle to burn, a heat source is used to light the candles wick, which melts and vaporizes a small amount of fuel, the wax. Once vaporized, the fuel combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to form a flame. This flame provides sufficient heat to keep the candle burning via a self-sustaining cha in of events: the heat of the flame melts the top of the mass of solid fuel; the liquefied fuel then moves upward through the wick via capillary action; the liquefied fuel finally vaporizes to urn within the candle's flame.Chapter I I. Introduction Candles were once used as a source of light and were simple and plain, without color or fragrance. They came in standard sizes and shapes. Now candle making is an art form and candles have become decorative works of art that come in an infinite variety of shapes, sizes, colors and fragrances. They are generally used to create a peaceful, romantic ambiance and are treasured for their relaxing effect. Candles have recently become a big part of home decor and this has encouraged the development of new techniques and materials.The materials you use will determine the quality of your candles but each candle will require a different combination of materials and techniques. Good note taking will allow you to determine what works and what doesn't and when you perfect your candle, you will be able to reproduce it. Whatever doesn't work, can be melted down again and re used. Candle scraps and pieces of shaved wax can all be kept and recycled so nothing goes to waste. Candles were meant to be burned so no matter how beautiful your candle comes out, remember it isn't done until it burns well so keep working t it until you get a good smokeless, even burning candle.Ill. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the compare commercial candles to a homemade candle. The objectives of this study are the following: ; To know how long is the duration of the candle ; To know if the candle is smokeless IV. Significance of the Study Candles represent a classic example of the process of combustion. When enough heat is applied, the wax of a candle starts to oxidize. The paraffin reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, and also heat and light. The flame is the visible part Of this exothermic reaction – wher e the reaction is energetic enough to produce visible light.Here are some more facts about candles. V. Scope and Limitation of the Study Our study is about candles using the materials we will use. To know how to make candles and the duration of the candles. To know more about candles and to enhance our knowledge about candles. VI. Definition of Terms Fragrance- a pleasant, sweet smell. Duration- time during which something continues. Exothermic reaction- chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat. Oxidize- combine or become combined chemically with oxygen. Combustion- the process of burning something.Ambiance- atmosphere of a place. Http://www. Overexploitation. Com/library/complaining. Asp CHAPTER II Review Of Related Literature I. Local Literature In the Philippines candles have come a long way since their initial use. Although no longer man's major source of light, they continue to grow in popularity and use. Today, candles symbolize celebration, mark romance, soothe the senses, define ceremony, and accent home decors casting a warm and lovely glow for all to enjoy. II. Foreign Literature Candles were also commonplace throughout Europe.In England and France, Candle making had become a guild craft by the 1 13th century. These candle makers made candles from fats saved from the kitchen or sold their own candles from within their shops. During the middle Ages in Europe, The popularity of candles is shown by their use in Candles and in Saint Lucy festivities. Tallow, fat from cows or sheep, became the standard material used in candles in Europe. The Tallow Chandlers Company of London was formed in about 1300 in London, and in 1456 was granted a coat of arms. Dating from about 1330, the Wax Chandlers Company acquired its charter in 1484.By 141 5, Tallow candles Were used in Street lighting. The trade of the chandler is also recorded by the more picturesque name of â€Å"congresswomen†, since they oversaw the manufacture of sauces, vinegar, soa p and cheese. The unpleasant smell of tallow candles is due to the glycerin they contain. For churches and royal events, Candles from beeswax were used, as the smell was usually less unpleasant. The smell of the manufacturing process was so unpleasant that it was banned by ordinance in several cities. The first candle mould comes from 15th century Paris.The first American colonists discovered that bayberries could be used to make candles, but the yield was very poor. Fifteen pounds of boiled bayberries would provide only one pound of wax. Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/History_of_candle_making http://www. Candles. Org/about_history. HTML CHAPTER Ill l. Methods and Procedures Materials Paraffin Wax Palette Knife Wick Scent Spoon Double Boiler Crayons Water Scissors Methods Twisted Candles 1. Roll out the upper part of the candle until it is about mm (1/4 in) thick. Leave the bottom 2. CM (in) unrolled so that it can fit into a candle holder.If the candle cracks whilst rolling, then it h as become too hard. Soften it by dipping it for three seconds at 71 co (1 60 OF) and then waiting for thirty seconds. 2. Hold the candle upside-down, with the unrolled base in one hand and the flattened part nearest the base between the thumb and forefinger of your other hand. 3. Pull the candle slowly upwards, sliding it between your thumb and forefinger and turning it steadily. 4. Repeat the process to give a more exaggerated twist. 5. Trim the base flat and allow the candle to cool for one hour. Floating Rose Candles 1.Melt the wax, heat it to 71 co (OFF), and prime the wicks. 2. Switch off the heat, and add twelve drops of perfume to the wax. 3. Carefully pour out the wax on to the paper so that it forms layers about mm (h in) thick, and allow it to cool until it is rubbery. 4. Cut petal shapes with the pastry cutter or palette knife. You will need petals of different sizes. Curve them with your fingers. 5. Squeeze two small petals around a wick and build up a rose flower. Wax t hat has cooled too much and become brittle can be softened with a hair dryer. 6.

History of Theatre

History of Theatre Early in the 1700's British people that were involved with theatre were mostly middle class. There were 2 kinds of new dramatic theatre: sentimental comedy and domestic tragedy. The fist playhouse was in the American colonies was built in Williamsburg, Virginia. In 1741 the greatest British actor was born and his name was David Garrick. Aeschylus wrote the first major playwright and multiple contests. â€Å"The Orestria† was the last remaining tragic trilogy. Sophocles pioneered painted scenery and added the third choral leader, wrote â€Å"Antigone. Euripides went against popular belief and pioneered female protagonist. Aristophanes was the first comedian and made fun of current leaders, rated â€Å"M† for mature. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was the head German dramatist during the Enlightenment, as well as a critic, a philosopher, and an aesthetician. His works advocated liberal thinking and religious tolerance. He wrote the first German plays of â₠¬Å"Note and Sought† to make German drama as an entity seperate from French and classical influences. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is permanently associated with the German romantic movement and is the major literary figure in German history. A true Renaissance man, he was a novelist, playwright, translator, natural philosopher, poet, musician, composer, scientist, and finally a historian. His Faust is a â€Å"closet drama†, a work in dramatic form to be read not performed. In the late 1700's, German theatre changed dramatically by the Romantic movement known as â€Å"Sturm und Drang† (storm and stress). In 1773, British playwright Oliver Goldsmith attacked the popular sentimental comedy and proposed a more humorous and realistic â€Å"laughing comedy. † In his fast paced comedy She Stoops to Conquer, Goldsmith had achieved his goal. Rich Brinsley Sheridan got into sentimental comedy in the 1770's with his plays The Rivals and The School for Scandal. The American Revolution had a crippling effect on all forms of theatre. Congress passed a resolution discouraging theatrical â€Å"entertainments†, and after the U. S. eclared independence, the individual states passed laws forbidding all stage performances. Most of the anti-theatre laws remained in effect until the early 1780's. construction of the Paris Opera House began in 1861 and was completed in 1875. The idea for a protected performance area arose after a royal procession escorting Napoleon the third and his wife to the opera was bombed by a group of revels and scores were killed. Napoleon wanted an opera house where royalty could enter less publicly, and created a contest calling for new designs. The architect Charles Garnier won. The Paris Opera House has 17 stories, covers three acres of land, and seats 2000 people. Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera took place here and Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical based on this too. The â€Å"Father of modern drama,† was a Norwegian playwright who's name is Henrik Ibsen. James A. Herne began his theatre career as a very good actor. Later he became a stage manager at Baldwin's Academy of Music in California, a job that brought him many more roles. In 1878, he married the actress Katherine Corcoran, a member of the Baldwin acting company, and began a career as a playwright to write leading parts for him and his wife. Naturalism was a theatrical school of thought developed in the late 1800's and early 1900's. it introduced sets that looked as real as possible, characters who spoke in a natural way, and story lines that were plausible. The primary spokesperson for early naturalism was French novelist Emile Zola(1840 – 1902).

Different Factors That Influence Pollution Levels Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental issues have profound effects on the life conditions of people worldwide. The H2O deficit in many parts of the universe, cross-border pollution, and lifting sea degrees are merely a few of the challenges confronting our planetary population. What will go on to the Earth and its people, animate beings, workss, lands and oceans if we fail to successfully turn to the environmental issues we face today?Environmental Issues: A PollutionPollution can take many signifiers. The air we breathe, the H2O we drink, the land where we turn our nutrient, and even the increasing noise we hear every day-all contribute to wellness jobs and a lower quality of life. Find out about the environment issues of pollution, what ‘s being done on a planetary degree, and what you can make in your community.Q: What does the study say about the hazards of lifting sea degrees due to planetary heating?A: Sea degrees worldwide are expected to lift between 7 and 23 inches by 2100, and will go on to lift for at least the following 1,000 old ages. By comparing, planetary sea degrees rose 6 to 9 inches in the twentieth century, so the effects of planetary heating on sea degrees are clearly speed uping. Rising sea degrees will make 1000000s of environmental refugees as people are forced to go forth their places in coastal countries. Many states will be unequipped to get by with the moving ridges of immigrants looking for new places. Increased degrees of C dioxide in the ambiance will alter the pH balance of saltwater, doing it somewhat more acidic. Although the oceans will stay alkalic, marine life scientists predict that a displacement toward greater sourness could endanger the endurance of coral reefs and plankton-an indispensable and cardinal nexus in the marine nutrient concatenation. Even a moderate addition in the physique up of nursery gases in the ambiance could easy force norm planetary temperatures to degrees last seen 125,000 old ages ago during a warm period between two ice ages. At that clip, sea degrees were 12 to 20 pess higher than they are today. Much of the H2O from that earlier period is now frozen in Greenland and Antarctica, but many of those ice Fieldss are get downing to run. Because scientists are non certain how rapidly polar ice will run, the estimations of sea degree additions in the study are based on how much heating oceans will spread out and make non take into history anticipated overflow from runing ice on land in Greenland and the polar parts. Burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil and gasolene raises the degree of C dioxide in the ambiance, and C dioxide is a major subscriber to the nursery consequence and planetary heating. You can assist to cut down the demand for fossil fuels, which in bend reduces planetary heating, by utilizing energy more sagely. Here are 10 simple actions you can take to assist cut down planetary heating.1. Reduce, Reuse, RecycleMake your portion to cut down waste by taking reclaimable merchandises alternatively of disposables. Buying merchandises with minimum packaging ( including the economic system size when that makes sense for you ) will assist to cut down waste. And whenever you can, recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and aluminium tins. If there is n't a recycling plan at your workplace, school, or in your community, inquire about get downing one. By recycling half of your family waste, you can salvage 2,400 lbs of C dioxide yearly.2. Use Less Heat and Air ConditioningAdding insularity to your walls and Attic, and put ining conditions denudation or calking around doors and Windowss can take down your warming costs more than 25 per centum, by cut downing the sum of ene rgy you need to heat and chill your place. Turn down the heat while you ‘re kiping at dark or off during the twenty-four hours, and maintain temperatures chair at all times. Puting your thermoregulator merely 2 grades lower in winter and higher in summer could salvage about 2,000 lbs of C dioxide each twelvemonth.3. Change a Light BulbWherever practical, replace regular visible radiation bulbs with compact fluorescent visible radiation ( CFL ) bulbs. Replacing merely one 60-watt incandescent visible radiation bulb with a CFL will salvage you $ 30 over the life of the bulb. CFLs besides last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, utilize two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 per centum less heat. If every U.S. household replaced one regular visible radiation bulb with a CFL, it would extinguish 90 billion lbs of nursery gases, the same as taking 7.5 million autos off the route.4. Drive Less and Drive SmartLess driving agencies fewer emanations. Besides salvaging gasolene, walking and bicycling are great signifiers of exercising. Research your community mass theodolite system, and look into out options for carpooling to work or school. When you do drive, do certain your auto is running expeditiously. For illustration, maintaining your tyres decently inflated can better your gas milage by more than 3 per centum. Every gallon of gas you save non merely helps your budget, it besides keeps 20 lbs of C dioxide out of the ambiance.5. Buy Energy-Efficient MerchandisesWhen it ‘s clip to purchase a new auto, choose one that offers good gas milage. Home contraptions now come in a scope of energy-efficient theoretical accounts, and compact florescent bulbs are designed to supply more natural-looking visible radiation while utilizing far less energy than standard visible radiation bulbs. Avoid merchandises that come with extra packaging, particularly molded plastic and other packaging that ca n't be recycled. If you cut down your family refuse by 10 per centum, you can salvage 1,200 lbs of C dioxide yearly.6. Use Less Hot WaterPut your H2O warmer at 120 grades to salvage energy, and wrap it in an insulating cover if it is more than 5 old ages old. Buy low-flow showerheads to salvage hot H2O and about 350 lbs of C dioxide annually. Wash your apparels in warm or cold H2O to cut down your usage of hot H2O and the energy required to bring forth it. That alteration entirely can salvage at least 500 lbs of C dioxide yearly in most families. Use the energy-saving scenes on your dish washer and allow the dishes air-dry.7. Use the â€Å" Off † SwitchSave electricity and cut down planetary heating by turning off visible radiations when you leave a room, and utilizing merely every bit much visible radiation as you need. And retrieve to turn off your telecasting, picture participant, stereo and computing machine when you ‘re non utilizing them. It ‘s besides a good thought to turn off the H2O when you ‘re non utilizing it. While brushing your dentitions, shampooing the Canis familiaris or rinsing your auto, turn off the H2O until you really necessitate it for rinsing. You ‘ll cut down your H2O measure and aid to conserve a critical resource.8. Plant a TreeIf you have the agencies to works a tree, get down delving. During photosynthesis, trees and other workss absorb C dioxide and give off O. They are an built-in portion of the natural atmospheric exchange rhythm here on Earth, but there are excessively few of them to to the full counter the additions in C dioxide caused by car traffic, fabrication and other human activities. A individual tree will absorb about one ton of C dioxide during its life-time.9. Get a Report Card from Your Utility CompanyMany public-service corporation companies provide free place energy audits to assist consumers place countries in their places that may non be energy efficient. I n add-on, many public-service corporation companies offer rebate plans to assist pay for the cost of energy-efficient ascents.10. Promote Others to ConserveShare information about recycling and energy preservation with your friends, neighbours and colleagues, and take chances to promote public functionaries to set up plans and policies that are good for the environment. These 10 stairss will take you a long manner toward cut downing your energy usage and your monthly budget. And less energy usage means less dependance on the fossil fuels that create nursery gases and contribute to planetary heating. hypertext transfer protocol: //environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/tp/globalwarmtips.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //housewares.about.com/od/homeessentials/a/recycling.htm Our landfills are roll uping waste at a rate of 2 to 5 pound of rubbish per individual per twenty-four hours. Over our life-time, the sum would be reeling. But we can assist to cut down this waste by recycling and recycling certain points. It ‘s a really little, virtually no-cost manner of making our portion and assisting our environment. Take a twenty-four hours and truly look at what you throw out. You will be amazed at what could be recycled or reused. A big plastic liquid detergent container can be rapidly customized for a ready to hand scoop for bird seed ; a 2-litre/quart plastic sodium carbonate bottle can be fashioned into a bird feeder ; empty egg cartons can be given to a local farm to recycle ; and the community nutrient bank would likely love to take those fictile food market bags off your custodies. Returnable bottles or Sns can be redeemed, in fact many non-profit groups fund certain activities through bottling thrusts. Caning jars can be reused with new sealing palpebras. These are merely a few thoughts on how to cut down waste, I ‘m certain you ‘ll come up with many of your ain.Geting Started – What to RecycleGeting a family recycling plan started is easy and it ‘s a good household undertaking. After all, we can get down now to develop the following coevals to appreciate and care for their environment. First, you should ask about recycling in your community: Should recycling be left at the kerb or taken to a terminal? What points are recycled? How should it be packaged. Make you necessitate ‘blue ‘ boxes or can you utilize your ain bins? In how much item are points sorted. Yup, I did state item! I was amazed at how refined this procedure is in certain communities, and I did ab initio resist at the thought of disbursement clip screening. But I have since reconsidered – protecting my environment is good deserving it. And a good organized bin system in your place or garage will do screening speedy and easy. For case, in some metropoliss, plastics and glass must be sorted by the figure size that is marked inside a trigon on the bottom of the container. Of class, really old glass does non hold any such markers and may be in a general glass class. Glass or fictile bottles may necessitate to hold the metal lids removed. Newspapers may necessitate to be bundled in a certain manner, and sodium carbonate tins may necessitate to be separate from nutrient Sns. Understanding the inside informations and screening instantly, will enable you to recycle more expeditiously and present your ‘goods ‘ to the terminal or kerb ready for processing. For now, we ‘ll presume item is limited to certain types of waste and we ‘ll acquire started with a few rudimentss.Capacity & A ; ConveniencePuting up an equal bin system is cardinal to pull offing your plan in a clip efficient mode. If you require bluish boxes, these may be available through your terminal, or can be purchased in changing sizes from many section shops. If bluish is non a demand, any size plastic bin, wastepaper basket or receptacle can be utilized. Here are some general tips to see: For documents and newspapers – usage a bin that is the right size to put documents level, doing it easier to roll up subsequently. Bins that have hinged or flapstyle palpebras provide easy one-handed disposal of Sns. Composting bins should hold a secure palpebra to cut down the hazard of unpleasant olfactory properties and prevent critter entry, and should be handily sized for turn uping close to your kitchen country. Bins should be adequately sized to manage your waste merchandises harmonizing to how frequently you will be disposing of it. Containers that are uneccessarily big will necessitate infinite that you could utilize for something else. Plastic is more lasting than composition board and you can rinse them as required.OrganizationDelegate a bin to each category of waste with consideration given to screening item and capacity, and grouping them together ( except for compost ) will increase screening efficiency. Keep them in a ready to hand location. The following are a few general categories of recycling waste: Glass Tins/Cans Papers/Newspapers Compost Cardboard PlasticsGeneral Recycling TipsComposting is for your ain benefit – to enrich your dirt and supply a rich mulch for your gardens. You can compost most nutrients such as vegetable and fruit desquamations, fish discards and other nutrient garbages, with the exclusion of meat, domestic fowl, gravy, lubricating oil or oils, unless you are utilizing a specially formulated composting bin for all nutrients. Compost should be transfered daily to the outside composting heap or bin to cut down the presence of unpleasant olfactory properties in your place. Tins and soda dad tins should be washed, flattened or crushed with an economical wall-mounted can crusher. Washing nutrient or drink Sns will cut down the hazard of unwanted plagues. Cardboard boxes and dry nutrient boxes should besides be flattened. These are merely the rudimentss, you can construct your recycling plan to accommodate your life style and demands. Recycling helps us look at what we consume, how to cut down the waste we generate and what we can recycle. A little ‘back to the hereafter ‘ investing with considerable ‘green ‘ environmental benefits.